Definitions for Journalism

11.   Journalism is an institution that has been established by the society to play a specific role. Journalism is one of the most important social, cultural, and political institutions. Journalism has been around “since people recognized a need to share information about themselves with others” (Zelizer, 2004, p. 2).

22.    Journalism is the occupation of reporting, writing, editing, photographing or broad casting news or of conducting any news organization as a business. (Umar Farooq, 2015)

33.    Journalism is the primary means for articulating and playing out both consensus (Hall, Critcher, Jefferson, Clarke, & Roberts, 1978) and conflicts (Cottle, 2006) in society; so, news stories capture the ongoing drama of the battles between the dominant ideology and its challengers.

44     Bond F. Fraser

According to him “The term jornalism embraces all forms in which and through which the news amd the comments on the news reach the public.

55.      McNair (1998: 4), defines journalism as any authored text, in written, audio (verbal) or visual form, which claims to be (i.e. is presented to its audience as) a truthful statement about, or record of, some hitherto unknown (new) feature of the actual, social world.

66    Journalism is the primary means for articulating and playing out both consensus (Hall, Critcher, Jefferson, Clarke, & Roberts, 1978) and conflicts (Cottle, 2006) in society; so news stories capture the ongoing drama of the battles between the dominant ideology and its challengers.

77. Journalism is a writing characterized by a direct presentation of facts or   description of events without an attempt at interpretation7.      Journalism is the systematic and reliable dissemination of public information, public opinion and entertainment by modern mass media of communication (Worsley and Campbell, 1957)

8.8.   Ahuja (2008: 1) says journalism is the part of the social world that is concerned with the spreading of news and views about society. 

99      As Harcup (2004) defines journalism is not a product, but a process, one that used to be seen as a one-way street but more recently has been conceived as involving an audience which will filter messages through its own experiences and understanding and arrive at its own reading.

10.   James Corey said, '... journalism simply means carrying on and amplifying the conversation of people themselves.

11.   Hibberd and Schlesinger (2002: 9) redefined  journalism as an account of the existing real world as appropriated by the journalist and processed in accordance with the particular requirements of the journalistic medium through which it will be disseminated to some section of the public.

12.   Eric Hodgins of Times Magazines defined it as “Journalism is the conveying of information from here to their accuracy, insight and dispatch and in such a manner that the truth is served and the rightness of things is made slowly, even if not immediately, more evident”.

13 Journalism is the part of activity involving writing, preparation and production of the communication messages is journalism’ (Ibid: 1)

14.  According to Webster third international Dictionary, Journalism is defined as “The collection and editing of material of current interest for presentation, publication or broadcast”.

15  Journalism is a form of writing that tells people about things that really happened, but that they might not have known about already.

Reference

Ahuja, B. N. 2008. Theory and Practice of Journalism. India: Surjeet Publications. 

Harcup, T. 2004. Journalism: Principles and Practice. London: Sage.

McNair, B (1998). The Sociology of Journalism: ARNOLD

McNair, B. Hibberd, M. and Schlesinger, P. 2002. Public Access Broadcasting and Democratic Participation in the Age of Mediated Democracy’, Journalism Studies, 3(3): 407-22

Introduction to Journalism for McKinley, Pasadena,Calif.(2007)